![]() ![]() It is based on Stereolithography (SLA), using the photo-polymeric liquid to build a 3D object layer by layer. The objects created through the 4D process have the ability to change their shape over time.ĤD printing technology is a combo of 3D printing + customized designs + smart materials. So, what additional D in 4D makes it different from 3D? 3D printing is an Additive Manufacturing Process, in which 2D structures like layers are created repeatedly till 3D structure is formed. The process that creates a smart 3D object from a material that has the capability to change its shape over time over the influence of external energy input as temperature, light, heat, or other environmental stimuli. ![]() Due to this repetitive process of adding layer 3D printing is also known as the additive manufacturing process. In 3D printing, the layers of substrate are added after the completion of a previous layer to sculpt the object. These materials are flexible, precise and useful for self-construction structure. 4D printing can be use different types of smart materials. 7, 8 This technology is used for future medical and engineering applications. Besides, the presence of alginate as a type of polysaccharides could support nutrients for printed structure to promote cell growth. It can also be utilised to print car seat, which can provide adaptive support and comfort. The 3D manufacturing method is mostly used to create prototypes or end products. Polymerderived ceramics (PDCs) have been investigated over 40 years. 4D printing can manipulate the material to handle the excess stress that is formed when pressures have been applied. ![]() Once this has been figured out, Reactive 4D Printing could be used to create building materials that can flex to better handle different levels of load or stress, or even soft robotics for transportation or medical applications.3D printing has existed for almost 3 decades, yet this industry is evolving with new applications, materials, and a new 3D printer, another technology is rising and it is called 4D printing.ģD printing is the method through which 3-dimensional solid objects are sculpted through the digital file. Next steps will focus on creating shapes that can independently support themselves. The growing use of dental implants using 4D printers such as prostheses, bridges, crowns, etc., creates profitable prospects for the expansion of the target sector. It is used to manufacture 3D smart aligner devices in the dental profession. The finished product is then cured under UV light to ensure both materials are properly fused. 4D printing is an essential application in the dentistry sector. For designers, this means only one printing process is needed to incorporate materials needed for both the original shape or product, as well as the materials that will be needed in order for it to transform. These characteristics allow for bonding to the non-transforming substances in helping to simultaneously support the composition of the initial object, as well as embedding the ability to change the object’s shape based on need or environmental factors. This was realized through the development of a liquid crystal polymer ink, or building material, that carries unique chemical links at the molecular level. The initial challenge was finding a way to incorporate the shape-shifting material with the standard types of 3D printing materials. The approach uses materials that can be printed, and then when exposed to changes in temperature, electric current, or pressure, take on alternate forms. A recent report in the American Chemical Society’s Applied Materials and Interfaces journal discussed how researchers at Rice University’s Brown School of Engineering have developed what is being dubbed Reactive 4D Printing. ![]()
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